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Gender and Power Metrics

Gender and Power MetricsGender and Power Metrics

A living database of scales and indicators that have been used to measure constructs of gender, agency, power, and control.

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Ability to Refuse Sex Scale (DHS)

  • Overview
  • Items
  • Condom

Overview

Type: Relationship power/ control

Citation: Decker MR, Miller E, Raj A, Saggurti N, Donta B, and Silverman JG. Indian men's use of commercial sex workers: prevalence, condom use, and related gender attitudes. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010; 53(2): 240-246.

Use of Scale: Measure

Level of Generality: General

# of Items Reported: 4

Availability: Partial

Theme: SRH/HIV, Gender/social norms

Demographics

Region: South Asia

Country: India

Gender: Male

Urban / Rural: nr

Ethnicity: NR

Age Group: Includes adolescents (<18)

Age Range: 15 to 54

Scale Information

# of Subscales: NR

Subscale Name(s): NR

Direction and Meaning:

Response Range: No; Don't know or depends; Yes

Internal Consistency: Cronbach's alpha: 0.61

Internal Consistency by Subgroup: NA

Test-retest Reliability: NA

Sample Items: Participants' endorsement of four different husband reactions to wives' refusal of sex, including "use force and have sex with her"

Items

  • Assessed via standard DHS items; participants’ endorsement of four different husband reactions to wives’ refusal of sex, e.g., “use force and have sex with her even if she doesn’t want to”

Measured Outcome(s): Condom

Outcome(s)

Inconsistent condom use

Detailed Outcome(s) Description

Inconsistent condom use with commercial sex worker (CSW) in past 12 months. Any report of condom non-use w/ a CSW as one of their 3 most recent sexual contacts or in the past 12 months

Statistical Method (Most Adjusted)

Logistic regression

Reference group for gender indicator

High vs. low sexual entitlement

Bivariate or Multivariate Analysis?

Multivariate

Detailed Results

Among men in India who reported engaging in transactional sex in the past-year, there was no association between sexual entitlement and condom use with a commercial sex worker (OR: 0.77, 95%CI: 0.43, 1.37), p>0.05).

Summary

Summary association oriented to reflect the following relationships: Positive association: indicates more equitable views or division of power and greater condom use or more inequitable views/division of power and lower condom use; Inverse association: reflects more equitable gender views/division of power and lower condom use.

No association

Covariates

Age, education, urban residence, marital status, religion, household wealth

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