Name | Type | Citation | Region | Country | Gender | Age Group | Use of Scale | Level of Generality | # of Items Reported | Availability | Measured Outcomes | Urban / Rural | Ethnicity | Age Range | # of Subscales | Names of Subscales | Response Range | Test-retest Reliability | Internal Consistency | Other Validity Data | Sample Items |
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Sexual Relationship Power Scale (SRPS) | Relationship power/ control | Berenson KR, Paprocki C, Thomas Fishman M, Bhushan D, El-Bassel N, and Downey G. Rejection sensitivity, perceived power, and HIV risk in the relationships of low-income urban women. Women & Health. 2015; 55: 900-920. | North America | USA | Female | Adults only (18+) | Measure | Individual | 23 | Partial | IPV victimization, Condom | Urban | 52.2% Latina, 43.4% Black; 4.4% White | 18 to 61 | 2 | Relationship control; Decision-making dominance | Relationship control subscale ranged from: Strongly Agree (1) to Strongly Disagree (4) and Decision-making dominance subscale ranged from: You (4), Your Partner (1), Both of you equally (2.5) | NA | Cronbach's alpha: 0.82 | NA | Relationship Control: "If I asked my partner to use a condom, he would get angry"; "My partner tells me who I can spend time with." Decision Making Dominance: "Who usually has more say about whether you have sex?"; "Who usually has more say about whether you use condoms?" |
Women's Empowerment Index | Personal power/control | Do, M., Kurimoto, N. Women's empowerment and choice of family planning methods. 2010. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center, MEASURE Evaluation PRH. | Sub-Saharan Africa | Namibia, Swaziland, Zambia, Ghana, Uganda | Female | Includes adolescents (<18) | Measure | Individual | 22 | Full | Contraception | Urban, Rural | NR | 15 to 49 | 6 | Economic empowerment; Socio-cultural empowerment; Autonomy in health decision-making; Fertility preferences; Sexual negotiation activity; Attitudes towards domestic violence | NR | NA | NA | We use principal component analysis to construct an overall index. | Sometimes a husband is annoyed or angered by things that his wife does. In your opinion, is a husband justified in hitting or beating his wife in the following situations: if she goes out without telling him? |
Personal Attribute Questionnaire (PAQ) | Personal adherence to gender roles | Gage EA. Gender attitudes and sexual behaviors: Comparing center and marginal athletes and nonathletes in a collegiate setting. Violence Against Women. 2008; 14(2): 1014-1032. | North America | USA | Male | Can't tell | Measure | Individual | 24 | Partial | Contraception | nr | NR | Mean age: 21.95 for nonathlete, 20.35 for marginal sport, 20.18 for center sport | 3 | Masculinity (M); Femininity (F); Masuclinity-Femininity (M-F) | 5-point scale ranging from 0 to 4 (indicating highest identification with femininity for F scale and masculinity for the M and M-F scales) | NA | NA | NA | Masculinity: "Not at all independent, Very independent"; Femininity: "Not at all emotional, Very emotional"; Masculinity-Femininity: "Not at all aggressive, Very aggressive" |
Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) | Personal adherence to gender roles | Ingersoll TS, Norvilitis JM, Zhang J, Jia S, and Tetewsky S. Reliability and validity of the fear of intimacy scale in China. J PERS ASSESS. 2008; 90(3): 270-279. | Central Asia, North America | USA, China | Male, Female | Adults only (18+) | Develop/ validate | Individual | 40 | No questions | NA | NR | 55% Chinese; 45% American (American sample: 78% Euro-American, 13% African American, 1% Native American, 2% Other) | 18 and older; median age: 22 years | NR | NR | 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Never or almost never true) to 7 (always or almost always true) | American sample: Masculine subscale r=0.81, Feminine subscale r=0.88; Chinese sample: Masculine subscale r=0.77, Feminine subscale r=0.69 | NA | Results suggests the factor structure was similar between cultures, with confirmatory factor analysis identifying a three-factor model in both samples. As evidence of convergent validity, the scale was positively correlated with depression and negatively correlated with social support and self-esteem. | NR |
Gender Equitable Men Scale (GEM) | Views on gender roles in general | Fulu, E.F. et al., Prevalence of and factors associated with male perpetration of intimate partner violence: findings from the UN Multi-country Cross-sectional Study on Men and Violence in Asia and the Pacific. Lancet Global Health, 2013; 1:e187-207. | Southeast Asia | Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Papua New Guinea | Female | Adults only (18+) | Measure | General | 10 | Full | IPV perpetration | nr | NR | 18 to 49 | NR | NR | Low equity vs. high/moderate equitable attitudes | NR | Cronbach's alpha: 0.72 | NR | "If a woman doesn't physically fight back, its not rape" |
Controlling Behavior | Relationship power/ control | Fulu E, Warner X, Miedema S, Jewkes R, Roselli T, Lang J: Why do some men use violence against women and how can we prevent it. Bangkok: UNDP, UNFPA, UN Women, UNV; 2013. | Southeast Asia | Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Papua New Guinea | Female | Adults only (18+) | Measure | Individual | 8 | Full | IPV perpetration | nr | NR | 18 to 49 | NR | NR | High/moderate controlling vs. low control (ref) | NR | Cronbach's alpha: 0.69 | NR | "When I want sex I expect my partner to agree" |
Attitudes Towards IPV Measure | Acceptance of IPV | Davas Aksan HA and Aksu F. The training needs of Turkish emergency department personnel regarding intimate partner violence. BMC Public Health. 2007; 7(1): 350-359. | Europe, Central Asia | Turkey | Male, Female | Adults only (18+) | Measure | General | 14 | Partial | NA | Urban | NR | 21 to 50 | NR | NR | Likert scale ranging from 1 (disagree) to 3 (agree) | NA | Cronbach's alpha: 0.905 | NA | Women deserve physical punishment under these situations: Lying to husband; Talking too much; Deceiving husband |
Attitudes Towards Women Scale (AWS) | Views on gender roles in general | Delevi R and Bugay A. Assessing reliability and validity of the 15-item short version of the Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS) among Turkish students. J Int Womens Stud. 2013; 13(1): 263-272. | Europe, Central Asia | Turkey | Male, Female | Adults only (18+) | Develop/ validate | General | 12 | Partial | NA | NR | NR | 18 to 26 | NR | NR | 4-point Likert type scale (value not indicated) | NA | Cronbach's alpha: 0.81 | Factor analysis supported the uni-dimensionality of the scale, consistent with results from the original AWS. The criterion validity of the AWS was assessed against the short-form Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) (which assesses feminine and androgynous personality styles) [Turkish version]. Pearson correlation tests revealed that participants with a high AWS score were more likely to score lower on the masculinity subscale of BSRI. In contrast, participants with a high AWS score also scored higher on the femininity subscale of BSRI. | "Swearing and obscenity are more repulsive in the speech of a woman than a man"; "Under modern economic conditions with women being active outside the home, men should stare in household tasks such as washing dishes and doing laundry"; "Women should worry less about their rights and more about becoming good wives and mothers" |
Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) | Personal adherence to gender roles | Delevi R and Bugay A. Assessing reliability and validity of the 15-item short version of the Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS) among Turkish students. J Int Womens Stud. 2013; 13(1): 263-272. | Europe, Central Asia | Turkey | Male, Female | Adults only (18+) | Develop/ validate | General | 30 | Partial | NA | NR | NR | 18 to 26 | 3 | Masculinity; Femininity; Neutral | 7-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1=almost never true to 7=almost always true | NA | NA | Pearson correlation tests revealed that participants with a high AWS score were more likely to score lower on the masculinity subscale of BSRI. In contrast, participants with a high AWS score also scored higher on the femininity subscale of BSRI. | Masculine scale traits: e.g., "assertive, strong personality, and dominant"; Feminine scale traits e.g.," emotional, sympathetic and understanding" ; Neutral traits e.g., "conscientious, unpredictable, and reliable" |
Hyperfemininity Scale (HS) | Views on gender roles in general | Dixon D, Saul J, and Peters M. Psychosocial correlates of HIV sexual protective behavior among Puerto Rican women residing in the Bronx, New York. Health Care Women Int. 2010; 31(3): 274-293. | North America | USA | Female | Adults only (18+) | Measure | General | 32 | Partial | Condom | Urban | Puerto Rican 100% | 18 to 35 | NR | NR | 7-point scale ranging from 1 (disagree strongly) to 7 (agree strongly) | NA | Cronbach's alpha: 0.72 | NA | "Men should always be ready to accept the financial responsibility for a date"; "Women who are good at sports probably turn men off"; "Sometimes women have to compete with one another for men" |